Abstract Squillidae is the largest family in the Stomatopoda, with 47 genera to date. Phylogenetic analyses have shown Squilla Fabricius, 1787 and Oratosquilla Manning, 1968 to be para- or polyphyletic. Two poorly documented species within these genera, Squilla parva Bigelow, 1891 (eastern Pacific) and Oratosquilla kempi (Schmitt, 1931) (western Pacific) are not closely related to the respective type species of the genera in which they are currently placed. We herein redescribe S. parva and O. kempi based on type and other material, and propose two new genera for their reception, increasing the number of squillid genera to 49.

ABSTRACT Larvae of stomatopods (mantis shrimps) are generally categorized into four larval types: antizoea, pseudozoea (both representing early larval stages), alima and erichthus (the latter two representing later larval stages). These categories, however, do not reflect the existing morphological diversity of stomatopod larvae, which is largely unstudied. We describe here four previously unknown larval types with extreme morphologies. All specimens were found in the collections of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen and were collected during the Danish Dana Expedition round the world 1928-30. These new larval types all represent erichthus-type larvae, especially differing in their shield morphologies. The shield morphology ranges from almost spherical to rather disc-like, with sometimes extremely elongated spines, but only a general systematic assignment of the larvae was possible. Further investigations of these larvae are crucial to understand their life habits and ecological impact, especially as stomatopod and other crustacean larvae might have a much more important position in the marine ecosystems than their corresponding adults.

Mantis shrimps (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) are rather rare in the fossil record. Nineteen species have been assigned to Squillidae, of which 12 species have been recorded from the Miocene. We describe herein a squillid, Squilla taulinanus n. sp., from the Miocene of Taulignan, south-eastern France. The exceptionally well-preserved specimen is remarkable in apparently having abdominal somites 5-6 conjoined; such somatic abnormality is rare in stomatopods. A taxonomic reassessment of the fossil species assigned to Squilla is provided.

Las mantis marinas (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) son raros en el registro fósil. Diecinueve especies han sido asignadas a Squillidae, de las cuales 12 especies se registran en el Mioceno. Se describe aquí el esquílido, Squilla taulinanus n. sp., del Mioceno de Taulignan, sureste de Francia. El ejemplar excepcionalmente bien preservado es notable por aparentemente presentar las somitas abdominales 5-6 conjuntas; esta anomalía somática es rara en los estomatópodos. Se presenta una reevaluación taxonómica de las especies fósiles asignadas a Squilla.